Saturday, May 7, 2011

Leadership Links

There’s a surprising similarity between playing the
game of golf and leadership. Once the analogies are
made clear to you, you’ll wonder perhaps why you
didn’t see it before. By the time you’ve finished
reading this, you’ll know the major connections and
feel compelled to find out more.
John Kenworthy 2/19/2008

THE CONNECTION BETWEEN GOLF AND LEADERSHIP
There’s a surprising similarity between playing the game of golf and leadership. Once the analogies are made clear to you, you’ll wonder perhaps why you didn’t see it before. By the time you’ve finished reading this, you’ll know the major connections and feel compelled to find out more.
35% of registered golfers in the UK are senior managers, professionals or executives, according to Mintel. This rises to 43.3% of London Golfers. And 12.8% of all golfers in the UK are senior managers, executives or professionals - that’s about 1.8 million golfers are senior managers, executives and professionals in the UK alone! (Source: GB TGI, BMRB Quarter 4 2006/Mintel) 44% of senior managers executives and professionals in the UK have played, do play or would like to play golf. (Source: BMRB/Mintel) Add another 1.4 million managers (Source: GB TGI, BMRB Quarter 4 2006/Mintel) and you realise just how big a sport golf has become - and it id predominantly ABC1 who play the game, and still predominantly male - 83%!

In part, business leaders, particularly those with some marketing or sales role - deliberately play golf to network with prospects and clients. In part there’s certainly some social status about being a golf club member, and for sure, in part there the ‘coincidence’ of playing golf and being a business leader. What Mintel’s research doesn’t highlight though is that there’s more to it than that. The characteristics of those who play golf and those who are business leaders shows considerable similarities. Let’s take, for example, the desire to score well (even win) a round of golf. To be concerned about one’s personal performance and strive to improve it relates to a strong personal ‘Achievement Orientation’. I want to do well because I want to do well.

There are differences too, and important ones. On the golf course, the golfer is playing against the course. It is one of very few sports where the play of others has no effect on the golfer’s performance at all… unless he (and it is predominantly still ‘he’) allows it (the closest similar sport is downhill skiing). This is not the case for the majority of business leaders who’d personal performance can be impacted by the performance of others. So the golf course is the place where a player can assuredly adopt the attitude, it’s MY performance and only MY performance that matters and only their actions change the result. This suggests the desire for control - or Directiveness.

Some of the reasons golfers choose to play the game shows that 76% of them play for social reasons (Source: GMI/Mintel) - this demonstrates a desire, if not ability, in the competencies of influence and communication.

SO WHY USE GOLF TO DEVELOP LEADERSHIP?

It seems that the game of golf attracts business leaders more than other groups - & perhaps the conclusions above suggest why. So it became increasingly obvious to our team that golf could be both an attractive idea for development within this group, and that the game of golf itself could be deliberately used to develop the competencies and behaviours associated with great leadership. Indeed, many of our clients confirm the attraction of golf for our senior management training programmes by requesting training to take place at golf clubs, so the team can play golf after the training course. Albeit, not everyone on the programmes did play golf, the senior managers and board members invariably did. Our research into using simulations has shown that given a truly safe environment to practice the tools and techniques of leadership and management, participants not only

John Kenworthy 3 learn more (23% greater learning) than using more traditional methods like case studies, they enjoy it more (17% greater) and demonstrate greater transfer of new behaviours to the workplace (26% greater transfer). Not only this, but studies in societies where females are considered disadvantaged in management showed a greater improvement in demonstrated management and leadership competencies after a simulation based programme than a traditional programme over their male counterparts - 16% greater improvement in demonstrated competencies. The key to the success of using simulations is that they provide a realistic, safe environment to practice the tools, techniques and behaviours of great leadership (Source: Kenworthy 2005)

IS GOLF A SAFE, REALISTIC ENVIRONMENT

The great thing about golf is that it is one of the very few activities that provides a genuinely level-playing field - through the well-established handicapping system. It may not be perfect, but it’s very close. This means that a scratch golfer competes fairly with a complete beginner. There are also rules within which the game must be played - these represent the constraints of doing business. There are established game rules that encourage pairs or foursomes to work together, and there are rules to foster individual competition - sometimes in business we want our leaders to be entrepreneurial and ‘go- getters’ - leading by example, at other times, we want them to be team leaders, or team players. Caddies, provide a perfect metaphor for coaches and mentors. The course itself provides a varied environment, shifting according to things beyond the control of the player, but observable by them. The hole provides a target, the course provides for a strategic plan to achieve the real goal. The points scored can directly relate to revenue or profit. The clubs and balls are resources - even the golf pro can be a consultant resource. The game of golf provides a fantastic platform to learn leadership - its safe and fair, it’s as realistic as you need it to be and it’s fun!

SO WHAT ABOUT THE NON-GOLFERS?

So what about the non-golfers? Why would they participate - and let’s face it, in an organisation you don’t want to alienate the non-golfers by forcing them to participate in something they wouldn’t normally… or would you? For our Leadership Golf Challenge programmes we always offer golfers and non-golfers technical lessons before the event. We arrange with our certified golf pro’s to put a special series of lessons for the new players - most often they perform better than those who’ve been playing for years because they don’t bring along so many bad habits. We’ve even designed a special programme exclusively for non-golfers - called ‘Hackers Days’ - which combine technical golf instruction with the Leadership Golf Challenge.

CAN YOU JUST PLAY GOLF TO DEVELOP LEADERSHIP?

There’s certainly something about the game of golf that shares characteristics of great leadership, but whether it’s the playing golf that develops the person as a leader or that the leadership capability makes for a golfer is an unanswered question. Like any powerful training programme, leadership development needs a supporting, robust model of development. Unfortunately it’s not much use telling someone to BE Jack Welch, or even to tell someone what it is that Jack Welch does - that doesn’t make you a leader. Nor, can we simply seek to develop the 10 principles, 7 habits, 12 big things etc. of the best leaders in the world - leadership is personal - the first step in becoming a leader is to take charge of yourself and align your personal values to achieving what you want to achieve. If it were that simple then there wouldn’t be a leadership issue anywhere in the world today.

Effective leadership development (indeed for adults to learn anything effectively) needs the learner to go through three learning processes according to Bloom - cognitive, affective and psychomotor learning. That we need to develop knowledge about leadership, associate a feeling or emotion with the desire to learn the knowledge and physically put that knowledge into practice.

Most business leaders have some knowledge about what constitutes ‘good’ leadership - though few practice it all the time. They may have seen ‘good’ leadership exemplified by others in their past or present. They may have read a book on leadership - such as the 7 Habits. Where these most often fail to become new behaviours is twofold - Firstly, most examples of ‘good’ leadership are often carried out ‘naturally’ by the person demonstrating them - we often refer to them as ‘born leaders’. They are ‘good’ leaders, but they don’t consciously know what it is that they do - and therefore they are unable to share with others what they should or could do. Most books, on the other hand, tend to focus on one of two aspects - how to be a leader - here is Mr Great CEO and this is what he did, you must do the same. or they distil ‘best’ behaviours and provide a checklist for you to do ‘good’ leadership.

In the former situation, the ‘born leader’ is unable (or unwilling) to give you the requisite knowledge to learn. In the latter (books), they often fail to make an emotional connection to implement the knowledge (other than you’ve bought the book therefore you must want to learn), or they provide simplistic implementation checklists, do this, then this then this at work. If the new ‘habit’ doesn’t work first time, the book provides little or no guidance as to what you should do now. GAINMORE Advantage changes all that.

The GAINMORE™ Framework provides a synthesis of the tools, techniques, attitudes and attributes of ‘good’ leadership within a structured model supported with templates that enable you to physically learn the behaviours. We are using the game of golf as a metaphor and as an emotional learning hook, and golf provides a means for you to put your behaviours into physical practice for yourself first - i.e. self-leadership, then you can use the templates at work. All practised within a safe and realistic environment that is fun.

The GAINMORE™ Framework is developed from three major areas of thought leadership in the fields of management learning, psychology and leadership. It is a personal development model that provides the solid foundations on which the Leadership Golf Challenge is built. Build on this foundation the safe and realistic learning environment of a business simulation on the golf course and you have a leadership development programme that actually does what it says on the box.
There’s a surprising similarity between playing the
game of golf and leadership. Once the analogies are
made clear to you, you’ll wonder perhaps why you
didn’t see it before. By the time you’ve finished
reading this, you’ll know the major connections and
feel compelled to find out more.
John Kenworthy 2/19/2008

THE CONNECTION BETWEEN GOLF AND LEADERSHIP
There’s a surprising similarity between playing the game of golf and leadership. Once the analogies are made clear to you, you’ll wonder perhaps why you didn’t see it before. By the time you’ve finished reading this, you’ll know the major connections and feel compelled to find out more.
35% of registered golfers in the UK are senior managers, professionals or executives, according to Mintel. This rises to 43.3% of London Golfers. And 12.8% of all golfers in the UK are senior managers, executives or professionals - that’s about 1.8 million golfers are senior managers, executives and professionals in the UK alone! (Source: GB TGI, BMRB Quarter 4 2006/Mintel) 44% of senior managers executives and professionals in the UK have played, do play or would like to play golf. (Source: BMRB/Mintel) Add another 1.4 million managers (Source: GB TGI, BMRB Quarter 4 2006/Mintel) and you realise just how big a sport golf has become - and it id predominantly ABC1 who play the game, and still predominantly male - 83%!

In part, business leaders, particularly those with some marketing or sales role - deliberately play golf to network with prospects and clients. In part there’s certainly some social status about being a golf club member, and for sure, in part there the ‘coincidence’ of playing golf and being a business leader. What Mintel’s research doesn’t highlight though is that there’s more to it than that. The characteristics of those who play golf and those who are business leaders shows considerable similarities. Let’s take, for example, the desire to score well (even win) a round of golf. To be concerned about one’s personal performance and strive to improve it relates to a strong personal ‘Achievement Orientation’. I want to do well because I want to do well.

There are differences too, and important ones. On the golf course, the golfer is playing against the course. It is one of very few sports where the play of others has no effect on the golfer’s performance at all… unless he (and it is predominantly still ‘he’) allows it (the closest similar sport is downhill skiing). This is not the case for the majority of business leaders who’d personal performance can be impacted by the performance of others. So the golf course is the place where a player can assuredly adopt the attitude, it’s MY performance and only MY performance that matters and only their actions change the result. This suggests the desire for control - or Directiveness.

Some of the reasons golfers choose to play the game shows that 76% of them play for social reasons (Source: GMI/Mintel) - this demonstrates a desire, if not ability, in the competencies of influence and communication.

SO WHY USE GOLF TO DEVELOP LEADERSHIP?

It seems that the game of golf attracts business leaders more than other groups - & perhaps the conclusions above suggest why. So it became increasingly obvious to our team that golf could be both an attractive idea for development within this group, and that the game of golf itself could be deliberately used to develop the competencies and behaviours associated with great leadership. Indeed, many of our clients confirm the attraction of golf for our senior management training programmes by requesting training to take place at golf clubs, so the team can play golf after the training course. Albeit, not everyone on the programmes did play golf, the senior managers and board members invariably did. Our research into using simulations has shown that given a truly safe environment to practice the tools and techniques of leadership and management, participants not only

John Kenworthy 3 learn more (23% greater learning) than using more traditional methods like case studies, they enjoy it more (17% greater) and demonstrate greater transfer of new behaviours to the workplace (26% greater transfer). Not only this, but studies in societies where females are considered disadvantaged in management showed a greater improvement in demonstrated management and leadership competencies after a simulation based programme than a traditional programme over their male counterparts - 16% greater improvement in demonstrated competencies. The key to the success of using simulations is that they provide a realistic, safe environment to practice the tools, techniques and behaviours of great leadership (Source: Kenworthy 2005)

IS GOLF A SAFE, REALISTIC ENVIRONMENT

The great thing about golf is that it is one of the very few activities that provides a genuinely level-playing field - through the well-established handicapping system. It may not be perfect, but it’s very close. This means that a scratch golfer competes fairly with a complete beginner. There are also rules within which the game must be played - these represent the constraints of doing business. There are established game rules that encourage pairs or foursomes to work together, and there are rules to foster individual competition - sometimes in business we want our leaders to be entrepreneurial and ‘go- getters’ - leading by example, at other times, we want them to be team leaders, or team players. Caddies, provide a perfect metaphor for coaches and mentors. The course itself provides a varied environment, shifting according to things beyond the control of the player, but observable by them. The hole provides a target, the course provides for a strategic plan to achieve the real goal. The points scored can directly relate to revenue or profit. The clubs and balls are resources - even the golf pro can be a consultant resource. The game of golf provides a fantastic platform to learn leadership - its safe and fair, it’s as realistic as you need it to be and it’s fun!

SO WHAT ABOUT THE NON-GOLFERS?

So what about the non-golfers? Why would they participate - and let’s face it, in an organisation you don’t want to alienate the non-golfers by forcing them to participate in something they wouldn’t normally… or would you? For our Leadership Golf Challenge programmes we always offer golfers and non-golfers technical lessons before the event. We arrange with our certified golf pro’s to put a special series of lessons for the new players - most often they perform better than those who’ve been playing for years because they don’t bring along so many bad habits. We’ve even designed a special programme exclusively for non-golfers - called ‘Hackers Days’ - which combine technical golf instruction with the Leadership Golf Challenge.

CAN YOU JUST PLAY GOLF TO DEVELOP LEADERSHIP?

There’s certainly something about the game of golf that shares characteristics of great leadership, but whether it’s the playing golf that develops the person as a leader or that the leadership capability makes for a golfer is an unanswered question. Like any powerful training programme, leadership development needs a supporting, robust model of development. Unfortunately it’s not much use telling someone to BE Jack Welch, or even to tell someone what it is that Jack Welch does - that doesn’t make you a leader. Nor, can we simply seek to develop the 10 principles, 7 habits, 12 big things etc. of the best leaders in the world - leadership is personal - the first step in becoming a leader is to take charge of yourself and align your personal values to achieving what you want to achieve. If it were that simple then there wouldn’t be a leadership issue anywhere in the world today.

Effective leadership development (indeed for adults to learn anything effectively) needs the learner to go through three learning processes according to Bloom - cognitive, affective and psychomotor learning. That we need to develop knowledge about leadership, associate a feeling or emotion with the desire to learn the knowledge and physically put that knowledge into practice.

Most business leaders have some knowledge about what constitutes ‘good’ leadership - though few practice it all the time. They may have seen ‘good’ leadership exemplified by others in their past or present. They may have read a book on leadership - such as the 7 Habits. Where these most often fail to become new behaviours is twofold - Firstly, most examples of ‘good’ leadership are often carried out ‘naturally’ by the person demonstrating them - we often refer to them as ‘born leaders’. They are ‘good’ leaders, but they don’t consciously know what it is that they do - and therefore they are unable to share with others what they should or could do. Most books, on the other hand, tend to focus on one of two aspects - how to be a leader - here is Mr Great CEO and this is what he did, you must do the same. or they distil ‘best’ behaviours and provide a checklist for you to do ‘good’ leadership.

In the former situation, the ‘born leader’ is unable (or unwilling) to give you the requisite knowledge to learn. In the latter (books), they often fail to make an emotional connection to implement the knowledge (other than you’ve bought the book therefore you must want to learn), or they provide simplistic implementation checklists, do this, then this then this at work. If the new ‘habit’ doesn’t work first time, the book provides little or no guidance as to what you should do now. GAINMORE Advantage changes all that.

The GAINMORE™ Framework provides a synthesis of the tools, techniques, attitudes and attributes of ‘good’ leadership within a structured model supported with templates that enable you to physically learn the behaviours. We are using the game of golf as a metaphor and as an emotional learning hook, and golf provides a means for you to put your behaviours into physical practice for yourself first - i.e. self-leadership, then you can use the templates at work. All practised within a safe and realistic environment that is fun.

The GAINMORE™ Framework is developed from three major areas of thought leadership in the fields of management learning, psychology and leadership. It is a personal development model that provides the solid foundations on which the Leadership Golf Challenge is built. Build on this foundation the safe and realistic learning environment of a business simulation on the golf course and you have a leadership development programme that actually does what it says on the box.

Leadership of the Future

The last 20 years has seen an incredible increase in technology. Most of the principles of good leadership remain the same, regardless of how technology changes. However, technology presents new challenges for leaders.

Virtual Contact Leadership

One of the benefits of modern technology is the ability to communicate with anyone anywhere in the world. While this is a benefit for businesses looking to expand, it presents unique challenges for leaders. Many leaders have a leadership skill set that relies heavily on their personality and “presence”. Many of these skills don’t translate well into electronic communication.

Leaders need to be aware of this and work to improve their skills in communicating and leading using modern tools. They can no longer rely on the power of their personality to give them an edge. One of the biggest areas leaders must develop is the ability to communicate well through the written word.

In the past, leaders were often able to rely on assistants for written communication. However, with the ubiquitous use of email, this is no longer an option. Leaders who cannot communicate well in writing will find themselves at a disadvantage.

Leaders preparing for the future should make a conscious effort in the following areas:

Developing strong writing skills.
Understanding different forms of electronic communication.
Understanding the culture of different forms of electronic communication.
Leading Outside the Organization

In the past, leaders generally led people who reported to them through the chain of command. As businesses become more focused on their core competencies, leaders are finding that many of the people they are leading are in other organizations. Leaders of the past who lead through position and title will find it difficult to lead in the future. Many of their old techniques will not work across organizations’ boundaries.

This shift will require that successful leaders of the future develop a greater degree of true leadership skill. The shortcuts used by many in authority will not work when trying to lead across organizational boundaries.

Leaders in future organizations will also require a better holistic understanding of the entire business ecosystem, not just their organization. Leaders who can successfully make this transition will be in high demand, not just by companies looking to hire their skills, but by organizations looking to partner with them for mutual benefit.

The Difficulty of Earning Leadership Trust

Some of the recent high-profile scandals in business will require some changes for leaders of the future as well. Subordinates are less likely to trust a leader because of position and title than they were 10 years ago. In the future, obtaining trust will require even more effort.

In the future, leaders must seek to actively measure the level of trust in their organization and take deliberate steps to improve the level of trust. Before making big changes leaders must gauge the level of trust in their organization to make sure they have built enough of a solid trust foundation to obtain successful buy-in.

While the core skills of leadership will remain the same over time, the leadership of the future will require a different emphasis on particular skills. By preparing for these changes ahead of time, leaders can ready themselves today for what organizations will need tomorrow.

by MARK.SHEAD

Terms referencing this article:

future of leadership
Leadership in the future
the future of leadership
Future leadership
leadership future
future leadership challenges
leadership of the future
leadership for the future
future of leadership theory
leadership in future

Definition Leadership - for the 21st Century

Check out my personal freedom and political blog The Freedom Bus

If you have typed into your chosen search engine "definition leadership" you probably already realise that no two leadership gurus seem to share a view on what defines leadership. The internet is full of definitions of leadership.

Definition Leadership: Tom Peters

One of the most influential business thinkers of the 21st century, Tom Peters is the management-guru's management-guru! His first book with (the relatively low-profile Robert Waterman) "In Search of Excellence" was a huge best seller and Peters has followed this book up with a series of outstatnding business and leadership books. From Peters' earlier work here are his 8 Attributes of Business Success. He goes on to explore what happens when things go wrong: here is his Reasons for Failure. Peters loves to startle and shock: his presentational style is infused with evangelical passion, he uses "cool" slang-like prose and his work is peppered with thought provoking paradoxes and lengthy lists of "crazy stuff". Peters defines today as "crazy times" that demand crazy thinking to not only win but to survive. His thoughts on leadership are typically passionate, controversial, inspiring and great fun. Leadership for Peters is "crucial to the revolution now under way - so crucial that we believe that the words "managing" and "management" should be discarded." Leadership for Peters is about discovering the passion, persistence and imagination to get results, to be able to find the Wow factor and to be able to think the weird thoughts necessary to learn and thrive in a disruptive age. Here then is my take on Definition Leadership: Tom Peters. For those of you considering becoming a business leader here are some Peters-style questions you may choose to ask yourself.



Definition Leadership: Peter Drucker

Regarded as the father of modern management, Peter Drucker only just makes it into my list of 21st century gurus as he died age 95 in 2005. Nevertheless his influence on management thinking is profound and his excellent management and leadership books textbooks will continue to be read and studied as true landmarks in managerial thinking for years to come. Drucker's style couldn't be more different from Tom Peters'. Leadership for Drucker is "mundane, unromantic and boring. Its essence is performance.". While this quote is unlikely to get your juices going with unbridled enthusiasm, you need to stick with Drucker and read more. Drucker goes on to define leadership as a means to an end and he details the foundations and requirements of effective leadership. Here is a short guide to Drucker: Definition Leadership: Peter Drucker. In contrast to Peters, Drucker surmises that to become an effective leader one has the same requirements as those of the effective manager.

Definition Leadership: Jack Welch

Jack Welch was the CEO and Chairman of General Electric for over 20 years. During that time he pioneered many critical business initiatives (such as downsizing and six sigma) that have become standard practice for big business in the 21st century. The results Welch achieved during his leadership at GE were spectacular: market value rose from $12 billion to a peak of $598 billion (stabilizing around the $400 billion mark) and earnings went from $1.5 billion to over $14 billion. Welch's leadership style was forthright and clear with tight guidelines for a leaner more productive organization. Since leaving GE in 2001, Welch has become a business guru - if you are interested in business leadership, Welch's ideas (he calls them "secrets"!) demand study. Take a look at these superb Jack Welch books describing the man and his leadership. No other business leadership guru has personally lead as successful a company (if you define success by standard financial measures) as Welch. This fact alone makes him a must read in my opinion. Here's my summary of Jack Welch's definition of leadership.

Definition Leadership: John Adair

The Worlds first professor in Leadership Studies (University of Surrey), British born John Adair is regarded as a leading authority on leadership and leadership development. All of my other 21st century leadership gurus are experts in a wider field (management, politics, business etc), Adair in contrast concentrates on the pure art and science of leadership. He has written over 30 books on the subject. These are in my opinion the ones that demand closest study. . Adair believes that leadership matters deeply, that good leadership is good leadership irrespective of whether its within a business, charity, sports team, political party or army regiment and he also believes that good leadership can be learnt and that everyone can improve their leadership ability. Adair's writing for me evokes feelings of military style leadership, and it was no surprise for me to learn that Adair was a Senior Lecturer and Leadership Training Advisor at the Royal Military Academy Sandhurst (where Churchill went in 1893). I feel Adair's military / academic look at leadership is a valuable addition to our gurus list. Have a read of my look at John Adair's definition of leadership.



Definition Leadership: Rudolph Giuliani

I wanted to include a political-leadership guru in my list. More so than any other type of guru, political-gurus are bound to be controversial. Giuliani positioned himself as a leadership guru with the publication of his book "Leadership" (get a great online deal here on Leadership by Rudy Giuliani!)and the founding of his consultancy firm "Guiliani Partners" in 2002. Born in New York Guiliani was elected mayor of that great city in 1993 (he had been a lawyer prior to that). As mayor of the city he presided over significant changes: dramatically reduced crime figures, greater economic development, increased investement in education and a huge programme of generally cleaning up the city. If this had been his legacy he would be well remembered by many. However the events of September 11th 2001 brought Guiliani's name to a Worldwide audience like never before. We all watched as he lead New York through the aftermath of the terrible Trade Center attacks. His conduct during this period cemented his reputation for great leadership. For this reason I have included Rudolph Guiliani in my list: his leadership advice is a mix of home-spun common sense coupled with simple practical tasks and advice. Leadership doesn't have to be complicated and Guiliani's definition of leadership is all the better for its simplicity. Have a read of my look at Rudolph Giuliani's definition of leadership.

Leadership Definition: Peter Scholtes

Probably the least well known of my 21st century leadership gurus, Peter Scholtes, who won't thank me for even referring to him as a guru was always going to be on my shortlist. In my opinion Scholtes two books "The Leaders Handbook" and "The Team Handbook" are must reads for leaders in business Click here to see more about these outstanding Scholtes leadership books. Between 1987 and 1993 Scholtes shared the platform with W. Edwards Deming educating corporations about the "new" philosophy of the Quality movement. Scholtes take on leadership concentrates on "systems thinking" - his opinions on management by objectives, merit pay, performance appraisals, motivation and management buzzwords are still (sadly) controversial and "new". You must include Scholtes' "new" thinking in your study of leadership and your seeking of a leadership definition for the 21st century. Here is my page looking at Peter Scholtes' definition of leadership. And here is a page on Scholtes' leadership competencies for the new century.

Gurus and writers - management, behaviour, communications

john adair
ichak adizes
igor ansoff
richard bandler
chris argyris
chester barnard
christopher a bartlett
gary s becker
eric berne
ken blanchard
edward de bono
katharine cook briggs
isabel briggs myers
alfred chandler
clayton christensen
ronald coase
stephen covey
thomas davenport
david deida
w edwards deming
peter drucker
erik erikson
esther dyson
albert ellis
reg evans
henri fayol
david gershon and gail straub
sumantra ghoshal
george gilder
malcolm gladwell
daniel goleman
andrews grove
gary hamel
michael hammer
charles handy
paul hersey
frederick herzberg
john humble
elliott jaques
carl jung
joseph juran
rosabeth moss kanter
robert kaplan
david keirsey
kevin kelly
john maynard keynes
philip kotler
john kotter
theodore levitt
rensis likert
douglas mcgregor
james macgregor burns
james march
abraham maslow
elton w mayo
albert mehrabian
robert c merton
henry mintzberg
akio morita
sharon drew morgen
john naisbitt
keniche ohmae
richard pascale
don peppers
tom peters
jeffrey pfeffer
b joseph pine
michael e porter
c k prahalad
robert reich
anthony robbins
carl rogers
jim rohn
paul romer
edgar schein
myron s scholes
richard schonberger
e f schumacher
john seely brown
peter senge
alfred p sloan
adrian j slywotzky
joseph stiglitz
gail straub & david gershon
donald tapscott
frederick w taylor
david teece
alvin toffler
lester thurow
edward tufte
hal varian
victor vroom
robert waterman jr
tomas j watson jr
max weber
ken wilber

Leadership behaviours and development of leadership style and skills

Leadership skills are based on leadership behaviour. Skills alone do not make leaders - style and behaviour do. If you are interested in leadership training and development - start with leadership behaviour.

The growing awareness and demand for idealist principles in leadership are increasing the emphasis (in terms of leadership characteristics) on business ethics, corporate responsibility, emotional maturity, personal integrity, and what is popularly now known as the 'triple bottom line' (abbreviated to TBL or 3BL, representing 'profit, people, planet').

For many people (staff, customers, suppliers, investors, commentators, visionaries, etc) these are becoming the most significant areas of attitude/behaviour/appreciation required in modern business and organisational leaders.

3BL (triple bottom line - profit, people, planet) also provides an excellent multi-dimensional framework for explaining, developing and assessing leadership potential and capability, and also links strongly with psychology aspects if for instance psychometrics (personality testing) features in leadership selection and development methods: each of us is more naturally inclined to one or the other (profit, people, planet) by virtue of our personality, which can be referenced to Jung, Myers Briggs, etc.

Much debate persists as to the validity of 'triple bottom line accounting', since standards and measures are some way from being clearly defined and agreed, but this does not reduce the relevance of the concept, nor the growing public awareness of it, which effectively and continuously re-shapes markets and therefore corporate behaviour. Accordingly leaders need to understand and respond to such huge attitudinal trends, whether they can be reliably accounted for or not at the moment.

Adaptability and vision - as might be demonstrated via project development scenarios or tasks - especially involving modern communications and knowledge technologies - are also critical for certain leadership roles, and provide unlimited scope for leadership development processes, methods and activities.

Cultural diversity is another topical and very relevant area requiring leadership involvement, if not mastery. Large organisations particularly must recognise that the market-place, in terms of staff, customers and suppliers, is truly global now, and leaders must be able to function and appreciate and adapt to all aspects of cultural diversification. A leaders who fails to relate culturally well and widely and openly inevitably condemns the entire organisation to adopt the same narrow focus and bias exhibited by the leader.

Bear in mind that different leadership jobs (and chairman) require different types of leaders - Churchill was fine for war but not good for peacetime re-building. There's a big difference between short-term return on investment versus long-term change. Each warrants a different type of leadership style, and actually very few leaders are able to adapt from one to the other. (Again see the personality styles section: short-term results and profit require strong Jungian 'thinking' orientation, or frontal left brain dominance; whereas long-term vision and change require 'intuition' orientation, or frontal right brain dominance).

If it's not clear already, leadership is without doubt mostly about behaviour, especially towards others. People who strive for these things generally come to be regarded and respected as a leader by their people:

Integrity - the most important requirement; without it everything else is for nothing.
Having an effective appreciation and approach towards corporate responsibility, (Triple Bottom Line, Fair Trade, etc), so that the need to make profit is balanced with wider social and environmental responsibilities.
Being very grown-up - never getting emotionally negative with people - no shouting or ranting, even if you feel very upset or angry.
Leading by example - always be seen to be working harder and more determinedly than anyone else.
Helping alongside your people when they need it.
Fairness - treating everyone equally and on merit.
Being firm and clear in dealing with bad or unethical behaviour.
Listening to and really understanding people, and show them that you understand (this doesn't mean you have to agree with everyone - understanding is different to agreeing).
Always taking the responsibility and blame for your people's mistakes.
Always giving your people the credit for your successes.
Never self-promoting.
Backing-up and supporting your people.
Being decisive - even if the decision is to delegate or do nothing if appropriate - but be seen to be making fair and balanced decisions.
Asking for people's views, but remain neutral and objective.
Being honest but sensitive in the way that you give bad news or criticism.
Always doing what you say you will do - keeping your promises.
Working hard to become expert at what you do technically, and at understanding your people's technical abilities and challenges.
Encouraging your people to grow, to learn and to take on as much as they want to, at a pace they can handle.
Always accentuating the positive (say 'do it like this', not 'don't do it like that').
Smiling and encouraging others to be happy and enjoy themselves.
Relaxing - breaking down the barriers and the leadership awe - and giving your people and yourself time to get to know and respect each other.
Taking notes and keeping good records.
Planning and prioritising.
Managing your time well and helping others to do so too.
Involving your people in your thinking and especially in managing change.
Reading good books, and taking advice from good people, to help develop your own understanding of yourself, and particularly of other people's weaknesses (some of the best books for leadership are not about business at all - they are about people who triumph over adversity).
Achieve the company tasks and objectives, while maintaining your integrity, the trust of your people, are a balancing the corporate aims with the needs of the world beyond.

great leadership quotes

"People ask the difference between a leader and a boss.... The leader works in the open, and the boss in covert. The leader leads and the boss drives." (Theodore Roosevelt)

"The marksman hitteth the target partly by pulling, partly by letting go. The boatsman reacheth the landing partly by pulling, partly by letting go." (Egyptian proverb)

"No man is fit to command another that cannot command himself." (William Penn)

"It is amazing what you can accomplish if you do not care who gets the credit." (President Harry S Truman)

"I not only use all the brains I have, but all I can borrow." (Woodrow Wilson)

"What should it profit a man if he would gain the whole world yet lose his soul." (The Holy Bible, Mark 8:36)

"A dream is just a dream. A goal is a dream with a plan and a deadline." (Harvey Mackay)

"Ideas are like rabbits. You get a couple, learn how to look after them, and pretty soon you have a dozen." (John Steinbeck)

"I keep six honest serving-men, They taught me all I knew; Their names are What and Why and When, And How and Where and Who." (Rudyard Kipling, from 'Just So Stories', 1902.)

"A dwarf standing on the shoulders of a giant may see farther than the giant himself." (Didacus Stella, circa AD60 - and, as a matter of interest, abridged on the edge of an English £2 coin)

"Integrity without knowledge is weak and useless, and knowledge without integrity is dangerous and dreadful." (Samuel Johnson 1709-84)

"The most important thing in life is not to capitalise on your successes - any fool can do that. The really important thing is to profit from your mistakes." (William Bolitho, from 'Twelve against the Gods')

"Out of the night that covers me, Black as the pit from pole to pole, I thank whatever gods may be, For my unconquerable soul. In the fell clutch of circumstance, I have not winced nor cried aloud: Under the bludgeonings of chance my head is bloody but unbowed . . . . . It matters not how strait the gait, how charged with punishments the scroll, I am the master of my fate: I am the captain of my soul." (WE Henley, 1849-1903, from 'Invictus')

"Everybody can get angry - that's easy. But getting angry at the right person, with the right intensity, at the right time, for the right reason and in the right way - that's hard." (Aristotle)

"Management means helping people to get the best out of themselves, not organising things." (Lauren Appley)

"It's not the critic who counts, not the one who points out how the strong man stumbled or how the doer of deeds might have done them better. The credit belongs to the man who is actually in the arena; whose face is marred with the sweat and dust and blood; who strives valiantly; who errs and comes up short again and again; who knows the great enthusiasms, the great devotions and spends himself in a worthy cause and who, at best knows the triumph of high achievement and who at worst, if he fails, at least fails while daring greatly so that his place shall never be with those cold and timid souls who know neither victory nor defeat." (Theodore Roosevelt.)

"Behind an able man there are always other able men." (Chinese Proverb.)

"I praise loudly. I blame softly." (Catherine the Great, 1729-1796.)

"Experto Credite." ("Trust one who has proved it." Virgil, 2,000 years ago.)

Leadership Quotes

This collection of leadership quotes is a great source of inspiration. If there is a great leadership quote we missed, please add it in the comments below.

Leadership quotations can be a powerful part of your personal leadership development plan. Taking a few quotes from people you admire and spending some time, deeply thinking about the quotes, can help you better understand the mindset behind the leader. Over the course of a year, you can cover a number of leadership quotes and develop a much better understanding of the person behind the quote and how their perspective applies to your leadership style.

When nothing is sure, everything is possible.
~Margaret Drabble

This leadership quote speaks to the possibilities that exist when you and your team don’t have a bunch of preconceived ideas. Everyone is limited by what they are sure is possible. Without those barriers, the glass ceiling goes away.

In matters of style, swim with the current;
In matters of principle, stand like a rock.
~T. Jefferson

Thomas Jefferson’s leadership quote is a strong reminder about when to be flexible and when to stand strong. To often people are rigid on their style and flexible on their principles–the exact opposite of what he recommends.

And when we think we lead, we are most led.
~Lord Byron

Leadership is a give an take process as this leadership quote points out.

The only real training for leadership is leadership.
~Antony Jay

If you want to lead you have to practice leading as this leadership quote points out. Classroom experience isn’t nearly as valuable as actually leading people and learning from your mistakes.

The task of the leader is to get his people from where they are to where they have not been.
~Henry Kissinger

Kissinger knew that it was no great feat to get people to do something they had done before. Real leadership skill is getting them to do something they haven’t ever done or aren’t even sure is possible.

People are more easily led than driven.
~David Harold Fink

This leadership quote is an excellent reminder that leading is different than forcing people to do what you say.

Leadership should be born out of the understanding of the needs of those who would be affected by it.
~Marian Anderson

This leadership quote reminds us to see things from the perspective of the people whose lives we impact–a very important lesson for leaders in any position.


The leader has to be practical and a realist, yet must talk the language of the visionary and the idealist.
~Eric Hoffer

This leadership quote is an excellent way of explaining the proper balance for a leader between being realistic and being inspiring.

Do not follow where the path may lead. Go instead where there is no path and leave a trail.
~Ralph Waldo Emerson

This quote by Emerson reminds us to push into new areas and take people where no one has yet been.

The very essence of leadership is its purpose. And the purpose of leadership is to accomplish a task. That is what leadership does–and what it does is more important than what it is or how it works.
~Colonel Dandridge M. Malone

The colonel’s leadership quote shows that leadership needs to be focused on what it accomplishes instead of just being leadership for leadership’s sake.

Nearly all men can stand adversity, but if you want to test a man’s character, give him power.
~Abraham Lincoln

Where there is no vision, the people perish.
~Proverbs 29:18

Lead and inspire people. Don’t try to manage and manipulate people. Inventories can be managed but people must be lead.
~Ross Perot

Leadership is understanding people and involving them to help you do a job. That takes all of the good characteristics, like integrity, dedication of purpose, selflessness, knowledge, skill, implacability, as well as determination not to accept failure.
~Admiral Arleigh A. Burke

Never mistake knowledge for wisdom. One helps you make a living; the other helps you make a life.
~Sandra Carey

Good plans shape good decisions. That’s why good planning helps to make elusive dreams come true.
~Lester R. Bittel

I used to think that running an organization was equivalent to conducting a symphony orchestra. But I don’t think that’s quite it; it’s more like jazz. There is more improvisation.
~Warren Bennis

A new leader has to be able to change an organization that is dreamless, soulless and visionless … someone’s got to make a wake up call.
~Warren Bennis

The first responsibility of a leader is to define reality. The last is to say thank you.
~Max DePree

People ask the difference between a leader and a boss. . . The leader works in the open, and the boss in covert. The leader leads, and the boss drives.
~Theodore Roosevelt

The real leader has no need to lead – he is content to point the way.
~Henry Miller

All of the great leaders have had one characteristic in common: it was the willingness to confront unequivocally the major anxiety of their people in their time. This, and not much else, is the essence of leadership.
~John Kenneth Galbraith

The best example of leadership is leadership by example.
~Jerry McClain

Leadership should be more participative than directive, more enabling than performing.
~Mary D. Poole
The quality of a leader is reflected in the standards they set for themselves.
~Ray Kroc

To be able to lead others, a man must be willing to go forward alone.
~Harry Truman

If your actions inspire others to dream more, learn more, do more and become more, you are a leader.
~John Quincy Adams

The final test of a leader is that he leaves behind him in other men, the conviction and the will to carry on.
~Walter Lippman

Example is not the main thing in influencing others, it is the only thing.
~Albert Schweitzer

Leadership: The art of getting someone else to do something you want done because he wants to do it.
~Dwight D. Eisenhower

Do not follow where the path may lead. Go instead where there is no path and leave a trail.
~Harold R. McAlindon

Management is efficiency in climbing the ladder of success; leadership determines whether the ladder is leaning against the right wall.
~Stephen R. Covey

This is a nice explanation of the contrast between management and leadership. For more perspective on management see our list of management quotes.

A leader’s role is to raise people’s aspirations for what they can become and to release their energies so they will try to get there.
~David R. Gergen

Leadership is action, not position.
~Donald H. McGannon

He that cannot obey cannot command.
~Benjamin Franklin

Leadership and learning are indispensable to each other.
~John Fitzgerald Kennedy

The led must not be compelled; they must be able to choose their own leader.
~Albert Einstein

Leadership is practiced not so much in words as in attitude and in actions.
~Harold S. Geneen

Leaders must be close enough to relate to others, but far enough ahead to motivate them.
~John Maxwell

If your actions inspire others to dream more, learn more, do more and become more, you are a leader.
~John Quincy Adams

The manager asks how and when; the leader asks what and why.
~Warren Bennis

The very essence of leadership is that you have to have a vision.
~Theodore Hesburgh

A leader takes people where they want to go. A great leader takes people where they don’t necessarily want to go, but ought to be.
~Rosalynn Carter

Leaders are more powerful role models when they learn than when they teach.
~Rosabeth Moss Kantor

Good leaders must first become good servants.
~Robert Greenleaf

Humans are ambitious and rational and proud. And we don’t fall in line with people who don’t respect us and who we don’t believe have our best interests at heart. We are willing to follow leaders, but only to the extent that we believe they call on our best, not our worst.
~Rachel Maddow

I suppose leadership at one time meant muscles; but today it means getting along with people.
~Mohandas K. Gandhi

The key to successful leadership today is influence, not authority.
~Kenneth Blanchard

Most important, leaders can conceive and articulate goals that lift people out of their petty preoccupations and unite them in pursuit of objectives worthy of their best efforts.
~John Gardner

Leadership can be thought of as a capacity to define oneself to others in a way that clarifies and expands a vision of the future.
~Edwin H. Friedman

The best executive is the one who has sense enough to pick good men to do what he wants done, and self-restraint to keep from meddling with them while they do it.
~Theodore Roosevelt

A leader is a dealer in hope.
~Napoleon Bonaparte

Management is doing things right; leadership is doing the right things.
~Peter F. Drucker

Leadership and learning are indispensable to each other.
~John F. Kennedy

A sense of humor is part of the art of leadership, of getting along with people, of getting things done.
~Dwight D. Eisenhower

Innovation distinguishes between a leader and a follower.
~Steve Jobs


by MARK.SHEAD


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